Plant leaves contain chlorophyll, which plants use to absorb sunlight. Stomata, which are often found on the underside of leaves, allow carbon dioxide to enter the plant. Plant roots allow for water absorption.
The daytime is when the light-dependent response takes place. At this point, water has separated into its constituent ions of oxygen and hydrogen. The ions then pass through a number of different electron carriers, eventually resulting in the buildup of hydrogen ions. Energy is released as electrons are moved from one electron carrier to another. Here, ATP and NADPH are liberated.
The light Independent reaction converts carbon dioxide into glucose using energy created by the light Dependent reaction. Several processes are needed to convert carbon dioxide to glucose. During this procedure, the same molecule generates glucose.
Cells in the lowest portions of the leaves are somewhat "spread out." This structure enables oxygen to be released more easily by allowing carbon dioxide to infiltrate into other leaf regions.
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